Temperature and Zeroth low of thermodynamic

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 🌡️ What is Temperature?



Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold something is.


👉 Scientifically, it tells us how fast the particles (atoms or molecules) in a substance are moving.


If particles move faster, the object is hotter → High temperature.


If particles move slower, the object is colder → Low temperature.



🧠 Think of it like this:

Temperature is like a speedometer for atoms — it tells how energetic they are.



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🔁 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics


This law helps us define temperature clearly.


✅ Statement:


“If object A is in thermal equilibrium with object B,

and object B is in thermal equilibrium with object C,

then object A is also in thermal equilibrium with object C.”


🧠 In Simple Words:


If two things are the same temperature as a third thing, then they are the same temperature as each other.


🔥 Why is this law important?


It helps us use thermometers.


It tells us that temperature is a common measurable quantity.




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📏 Scales of Temperature


There are 3 main scales to measure temperature:


 Scale Freezing Point Boiling Point Formula




Celsius (°C) 


freezing point of water 0°C


Boiling point of water 100°C 


Fahrenheit (°F) freezing point of water32°F


 Boiling point of water 212°F 


Kelvin (K) freezing point of water273K


 Boiling point of water 373K 



✅ Kelvin is used in science (like JEE). It starts from absolute zero (0 K), the coldest possible temperature.



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🔁 Conversion Formulas:


Celsius to Fahrenheit:


°F = (9/5)°C + 32




Celsius to Kelvin:


K = °C + 273




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Solve this ---->

📝 Mock Test: Transmission of Heat – Basics of Temperature (7 Questions)


Q1. What does temperature actually measure?


A) The weight of the object

B) The energy of motion of particles

C) The size of particles

D) The number of particles


Answer: ✅ B) The energy of motion of particles



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Q2. Which of the following is true according to the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?


A) Heat flows from cold to hot

B) Two bodies in thermal equilibrium with a third body are in thermal equilibrium with each other

C) A hot object always stays hot

D) Temperature cannot be measured


Answer: ✅ B) Two bodies in thermal equilibrium with a third body are in thermal equilibrium with each other



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Q3. If the temperature is 25°C, what is it in Kelvin?


A) 298 K

B) 273 K

C) 250 K

D) 300 K


Answer: ✅ A) 298 K

(25 + 273 = 298)



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Q4. Which scale of temperature is mostly used in scientific work?


A) Fahrenheit

B) Celsius

C) Kelvin

D) Newton


Answer: ✅ C) Kelvin



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Q5. The freezing point of water in Fahrenheit scale is:


A) 0°F

B) 32°F

C) 100°F

D) 273°F


Answer: ✅ B) 32°F



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Q6. Which of the following statements is false?


A) Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero

B) Temperature is the cause of heat flow

C) Temperature is measured using a thermometer

D) Heat and temperature are the same


Answer: ✅ D) Heat and temperature are the same

(👉 They are different. Heat is energy; temperature is a measure.)



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Q7. What is the value of absolute zero in Celsius?


A) 0°C

B) -100°C

C) -273.15°C

D) 273°C


Answer: ✅ C) -273.15°C



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